Bone marrow transplantation is a procedure in which diseased bone marrow is replaced with a healthy one. Bone marrows are usually found in the large bones of the body. Their function is to produce different types of blood cells.
The healthy bone marrow can be harvested from a donor, or from the patient himself. This treatment is usually performed in patients who have blood cancers or any other disease that affects the structure and function of the bone marrow.
What is Bone Marrow?
In adults RBCs, Platelets and most WBCs are produced by a substance filled in the centre of large bones called bone marrow. In newborns, the cavities of bones are filled with red bone marrow.
On attaining adulthood, much of red marrow is replaced by yellow marrow and erythrocytes producing red bone marrow are restricted to sternum, ribs, vertebrae, cranial bones and proximal epiphyses of long bones i.e. femur and humerus.
Along with RBCs, WBCs and Platelets, bone marrow also contains immature blood-forming stem cells referred as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Bone Marrow Transplant
Bone marrow transplantation is a highly advanced and specialized procedure through which diseased bone marrow, unable to produce erythrocytes, is replaced with a healthy one. Bone marrow production can be impaired due to damaged or destroyed by a disease, an infection or chemotherapy and necessitate bone marrow transplant.
The bone marrow transplant procedure
In this highly specialized bone marrow transplant procedure, the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that have potential to multiply through cell division. The diseased bone marrow cells are replaced by healthy stem cells that can make new RBCs, WBCs and Platelets in patients.
Healthy stem cells can be harvested from a donor or come from patient’s own body. The stem cells can be harvested or grown, before initiating Chemotherapy or Radiation treatment and are stored for use during transplant procedure.
The types of bone marrow transplant
The two main types of bone marrow transplant in India are based on patient’s own stem cells or cells from a donor.
These types are:
- Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant
It is a procedure in which the transplanted stem cells come from the body of the patient. The doctors remove the stem cells from the patient, store them, and then put these cells back after destroying the cancerous or diseased cells.
- Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant
In this procedure, the stem cells come from a donor i.e. some other person. Need for taking stem cells from donor arises when patient’s own blood cells are too diseased to be placed back to the patient.
However, there are several types of allogeneic bone marrow transplants that are based on the source of the donor cells such as:
- Related Donor Transplant – the relatives or siblings can be the potential donors
- Matched Unrelated Donor Transplant – when there is no matching donor among relatives, stems cells come from unrelated donors.
- Half-Matched Family Member Donor Transplant i.e. Haploidentical- especially during bone marrow transplant among children. Parents are always half matched yet routinely done as an option.
- Umbilical Cord Blood Transplants – relatively new technique and being used those without a matched donor is blood from the umbilical cord of a newborn.
Success Story by India Organ Transplant:
https://www.indiaorgantransplant.com/uzbekistan-bone-marrow-transplant-patient-success-story-india.php
https://www.indiaorgantransplant.com/uzbekistan-bone-marrow-transplant-patient-success-story-india.php
Conditions that require bone marrow transplant
Not that bone marrow transplant in India is performed only for malignant conditions, it is also recommended for non cancerous conditions as well.
Malignant conditions could be:
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
- Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Myelodysplastic syndrome
- Multiple Myeloma
- Neuroblastoma
- Other rare cancers of childhood
Non Cancerous conditions include:
- Thalassaemia
- Inborn errors of metabolism
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- Aplastic Anemia
- Fanconi Anemia
- Bone marrow failure syndromes
- Congenital Immunodeficiency syndromes
The best doctor for bone marrow transplants in India
Though there is no dearth of highly qualified and experienced doctors for bone marrow transplants in India yet some of renowned ones are:
- Dr. Rahul Bhargava
- Dr. Dharma Choudhary
- Dr. Suresh Advani
- Dr. Ashish Dixit
- Dr. Nitin Sood
- Dr. Vinod Raina
- Dr. Ashok Vaidya
Get Appointment with highly expert team of India Organ Transplant doctors in India. Call: +91-9765025331 OR Email: info@indiaorgantransplant.com
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